Tuesday, August 23, 2022

Illustration Estimates and Invoices

Estimates and invoices are nearly as important to an illustrator’s business as the illustration’s that are produced for jobs. For without an estimate, an illustrator may never be awarded a job, and without an invoice, he or she would most likely not get paid.


© 2013 Don Arday.
An estimate usually comes before a commission is awarded and upon approval signals the start of a job. An invoice comes when the commission is completed and upon payment provides closure for an assignment. For illustrators, both estimates and invoices should be considered legal documents. Estimates serve as a record of services intended while invoices provide a record of services rendered for both the illustrator and their client. And most importantly, both documents can serve as evidence if a legal dispute between an illustrator and client occurred.

Estimate Contents

Provider Company Information (Header)

1. Business Name
2. Business Logo (Optional)
3. Address
4. Telephone Number
5. Email Address
6. The Word ESTIMATE (Prominently Displayed)
7. Date
8. Job Number (Account Code/Number)

Client Company Information (Header)

1. Client Name (Person Commissioning Job)
2. Client Company Name
3. Address
4. Telephone Number
5. Email Address

Services Description (Body)

1. Description of Illustration Assignment
            a. Type/Usage of Illustration
            b. Publication Name/Placement for Illustration
            c. Format/Dimensions of Illustration
2. Quantity (If Appropriate)
3. Cost/Unit Cost (If Job Was Based on a Single Fixed Fee) or
4. Cost Per Hour and Number of Hours (If Job Was Based on Hourly Rate)
5. Cost of Materials (If Appropriate)
6. Cost for Outsourced Services (If Appropriate)
7. Cost for Licensing  (Extended Usage, Copyright Leasing/Buyout if Appropriate)
8. Total Estimated Amount For All Items
9. Sales Tax (If Appropriate)*
10. Expiration Date of Estimate

Approval (Footer)

1. Client Signature of Approval
2. Date Approved

Invoice Contents

Provider Company Information (Header)

1. Business Name
2. Business Logo (Optional)
3. Address
4. Telephone Number
5. Email Address
6. Business Registration/Tax ID Number
7. The Word INVOICE (Prominently Displayed)
8. Date of Invoice
9. Due Date of Payment
10. An Invoice and/or Job Indexing Number (The Invoice Number Should Be Unique)

Client Company Information (Header)

1. Client Name (Person Commissioning Job)
2. Client Company Name
3. Address
4. Telephone Number
5. Email Address
6. Client Purchase Order or Work Order Number (If Provided by Client)

Services Description (Body)

1. Description of Illustration Assignment
a. Type/Usage of Illustration
            b. Publication Name/Placement for Illustration
            c. Format/Dimensions of Illustration
2. Quantity (If Appropriate)
3. Price/Unit Price (If Job Was Based on a Single Fixed Fee) or
4. Price Per Hour and Number of Hours (If Job Was Based on Hourly Rate)
5. Price for Materials (If Appropriate)
6. Price for Outsourced Services (If Appropriate)
7. Price For Licensing  (Extended Usage, Copyright Leasing/Buyout if Appropriate)
9. Subtotal Amount (All Items)
10. Sales Tax Amount (If Appropriate)*
11. Total Amount Due (All Items Including Tax)

Payment Terms (Footer)

1. Payment Terms (Payment Due Date, Due Upon Receipt, 30 Days, Etc.)
2. Payment Instructions (Payable To Whom)
3. Payment Method (Company Check, Bank Draft, PayPal, Etc.)
4. Overdue Payment Policy (Optional)
5. Copyright Declaration 

Note: Sales tax is based on the tax rate where the client is located. For example, an illustrator located in New York City producing a commission for a client located in Chicago would charge the sales tax rate for Chicago, Illinois. Information on tax rates can be found at http://taxfoundation.org/ and http://www.taxrates.com/.


Estimate/Invoice Design

The design of estimates and invoices should coordinate with the other marketing materials used such as stationery, website, mailers, etc. If the business has a logo or signature illustration that is used as an identity on promotional materials, it should be included on the estimate and invoice. Although the above lists of information seem complex and highly detailed, when placed into an organized form they can appear to be quite simple. Since so much of the information that is contained in an estimate is also included in an invoice, both forms can utilize the same formatting, typography, color scheme, etc. In fact it is good design practice to do so.

Estimate/Invoice Production

The forms for estimates and invoices can be created using basic word processing or spreadsheet programs such as Microsoft Word or Excel, or they can be produced using graphic visualization software such as Adobe InDesign or Illustrator. They can also be produced using dedicated OS desktop and IOS mobile apps available for downloading, and some of these apps (for a fee) provide a cloud service for the storage of estimates and invoices and additional business book keeping tools.

Online Resources

Estimate /Invoice Templates


Estimate/Invoice Services


Monday, April 4, 2022

Typographic Do's and Don'ts: Columns

Setting text into a column format structure can be more challenging than it may seem. It requires a combination of visual sensibility and workmanship, especially when it comes to establishing and maintaining a consistent typographical practice on a page or within a document. There are volumes of information on typographic practice as it applies to the use of typographic columns, both in theory as well as in practice.


The following text of "don't and do" samples demonstrate a number of basic principles that are essential for setting columns of text that will not disturb a reader and will be as aesthetically pleasing as conditions will allow. The statement used in the examples below is an excerpt from Wikipedia. 

Width

Don’t set columns with an excessively long measure. Doing so will discourage readership. 12 to 14 words should be the maximum in any given line.

Don’t set an excessive number of columns on a page. Doing so will also discourage readership. There should be a minimum of 4 words per line.

Do set columns with a comfortable measure for reading. Use a two column format to divide a single long measure. It will improve readership and comprehension.

Do use a three columns format when single sentence paragraphs, bullet lists, and call outs are present within the text.

Don’t set uneven measure columns of continuous text. Doing so can unduly influence the importance of a section of text.

Don’t set uneven measure columns of continuous text, especially when using multiple columns. Doing so disturbs the continuity of the layout format.

Spacing

Columns

Don’t use an excessive amount of space between columns. One pica of space between columns is sufficient. A rule of thumb is never to have more space between columns than there is in the side margins.

Don’t use an excessive space between thin measure columns. Again, one pica of space between columns is sufficient. Space between thin measure columns can be distracting to a reader, especially if it is equal to the space of the side margins.

Don’t use uneven spaces between columns. Uneven spaces discourage readership.

Paragraphs

Don’t add space between paragraphs of editorial text for print media. It creates visual distractions and interrupts smooth reading. Space between paragraphs can be appropriate for text presented in a digital online format.

Don’t add space between paragraphs of editorial text for print media. Even in a multiple column format, spacing disturbs the continuity of the text. Used in online single column situations, space between paragraphs can be appropriate.

Don’t use inconsistent spacing between paragraphs or sections of text. It is considered a typesetting error, or at the very least bad form.

Don’t be inconsistent with the use of paragraph returns. It will be seen as a typesetting error.

Alignment

Don’t misalign the baselines of columns. It will be seen as a layout formatting error.

Don’t misalign the baselines of columns. Although it may seem to be deliberate staggering, if the baselines don't align, it is considered a layout formatting error. (See Beginnings and Endings below.)

Endings

Do stagger the endings of columns where it is appropriate to the design. Although the ends of the columns differ in height, the column baselines align at the top and line spacing is consistent.

Do stagger the endings of multiple columns where it is appropriate to the design. Columns may vary as long as line spacing is consistent and baselines align.

Beginnings

Do stagger the beginnings of columns where it is appropriate to the design. Although the beginning of the columns stagger, the baselines of all columns remain in alignment as do all lines.


Disclaimer: These examples have been created to demonstrate basic principles of typographic practice, they are not meant to represent aesthetically brilliant samples of typography.